FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

INTRODUCTION

AS THE WORLD OF TECHNOLOGY IS GROWING. IT PROOVEN THAT "TECHNOLOGY" WORD IS OUR FUTURE. HENCE, MANY OF THE INVENTIONS IS BEING INVENTING NOW A DAYS AND MANY OF THE PEOPLES INVENTED A LOT OF THINGS AND ONE OF THEM IS COMPUTER, WHICH PROOVED VERY USEFUL NOT ONLY FOR YOUNG'S NOR FOR CHILDREN AND NOR EVEN FOR OLD PERSONS, THIS IS USEFUL FOR ALL OF US.

BY THE HELP OF COMPUTER, WE MAY TAKE CLASSES WHICH IS NOW A DAYS POPULARLY KNOWN AS "WORK FROM HOME". NOT ONLY THIS, BUT WE ALSO USE COMPUTER FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES. IN SHORT, COMPUTER GENERATED AN WIRELESS ECONOMY IN THE ENTIRE WORLD, WHICH HELPS US.

ABOUT COMPUTER

A COMPUTER IS A MACHINE THAT CAN BE PROGRAMMED TO CARRY OUT SEQUENCES OF AIRTHMETIC OR LOGICAL OPERATIONS AUTOMATICALLY.

IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE, COMPUTER IS A ELECTRONIC MACHINE WHICH PROCESS BY THE USER'S INPUT AND RESULT AS OUTPUT.

INVENTION OF COMPUTER

THE FIRST COMPUTER WAS INVENTED BY CHARLES BABBAGE(1822) BUT WAS NOT BUILT UNTIL 1991. ALAN TURING INVENTED COMPUTER SCIENCE. THE ENIAC(1945) WAS THE FIRST ELECTRONIC GENERAL-PURPOSE DIGITAL COMPUTER, IT FILLED A ROOM.

CHARLES BABBAGE

OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

OS STAND FOR OPERATING SYSTEM. AND ITS PERFORMANCE ALL THE BASIC TASKS LIKE MANAGING FILES, PROCESS, AND MEMORY.

OPERATING SYSTEM

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER HAVE A BIG ROLL IN THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER. HENCE, THERE IS 5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER ARE:-

FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956) :- THE COMPUTER OF FIRST GENERATION USED VACUMM TUBE AS THE BASIC COMPONENTS MEMORY AND CIRCUITRY FOR CPU(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT). THESE TUBES, LIKE ELECTRIC BULBS, PRODUCED A LOT OF HEAT AND THE INSTALLATIONS USED TO FUSE FREQUENTLY.

FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER

SECOND GENERATIONS (1956-1963) :-

THE SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER WERE DEVELOPED BY USING TRANSISTOR TECHNOLOGY. IN THE COMPARISON TO THE FIRST GENERATION, THE SIZE OF SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER WAS SMALLER.

SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER

THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971) :-

AS COMPARED TO PREVIOUS GENERTAIONS, THE THIRD GENERATIONS COMPUTER WERE MORE RELIABLE, FAST, EFFICIENT, LESS EXPENSIVE, AND SMALLER IN SIZE. IN THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES WERE USED. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS WERE WORKING DURING THE 1964-1971 WITH INTREGATED CIRCUIT.

THIRD GENERTATION COMPUTER

FOURTH GENERATION (1971-2000) :-

THIS TECHNOLOGY IS BASED ON MICROPROCESSOR. A MICROPROCESSOR IS IS USED IN A COMPUTER FOR LOGICAL AND AIRTHMETIC FUNCTION TO BE PERFORMED IN A PROGRAM. THE FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER IS A COMPUTER WHICH WE ARE USING NOW A DAYS.

FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER

FIFTH GENERATION (2000-NOW)

FIFTH GENERATION IS OUR FUTURE TECHNOLOGY. THE ULSI(ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) TECHNOLOGY IS USED IN THIS GENERATION OF COMPUTERS. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IS NOW IN ITS PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT. IN THIS GENERATION'S COMPUTER, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HAS PROGRESSED. PARALLEL PROCESSING HAS ADVANCED ON THESE COMPUTERS.

FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER

TYPES OF COMPUTER

AS WE ALL KNOW THAT IF THE COMPUTER SO MUCH DIFFERENT GENERATIONS, THERE IS MUST SOME TYPES OF COMPUTER. MAINLY THERE IS 4 TYPES OF COMPUTER ARE:-

SUPERCOMPUTER:-

A SUPERCOMPUTER IS A COMPUTER WITH HIGH LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AS COMPARED TO A GENERAL-PURPOSE COMPUTER. A SUPERCOMPUTER IS THE FASTEST COMPUTER IN THE WORLD THAT CAN PROCESS A SIGNIFICIANT AMOUNT OF DATA VERY QUICKLY.

SUPERCOMPUTER

MAINFRAME COMPUTER:-

A MAINFRAME COMPUTER IS THE FASTEST COMPUTER AFTER SUPERCOMPUTER TO EXECUTE COMPLEX AND LENGTHY CALCULATIONS. A MAINFRAME COMPUTER IS MORE POWERFUL MINI AND MICRO COMPUTER, BUT LESS POWERFUL THAN SUPERCOMPUTER.

MANIFRAME COMPUTER

MINI COMPUTER:-

A MINICOMPUTER IS A TYPE OF COMPUTER THAT POSSESSES MOST OF THE FEATURES AND CAPABLITIES OF A LARGE COMPUTER BUT IS SMALLER IN PHYSICAL SIZE.

MINI COMPUTER

MICRO COMPUTER

A MICROCOMPUTER IS A SMALL, RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE COMPUTER WITH A MICRO PROCESSOR AS ITS CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT UNIT (CPU). COMMON MICROCOMPUTER INCLUDE LAPTOPS AND DESKTOPS.

MICRO COMUTER

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER:-

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER:-

SPEED:-

THIS IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER. A COMPUTER CAN PERFORM MILLIONS OF INSTRUCTION PER SECOND (MIPS).

ACCURACY:-

COMPUTER NOT ONLY PROVIDE INCREDIBLE SPEED, INSTEAD, THEY ALSO GIVE YOU ALMOST 100% ACCURACY.

MULTI-TASKING:-

MULTITASKING IS ONE OF THE MAJOR BENEFITS OF COMPUTER. A PERSON CAN DO MANY DIFFERENT TASK AT THE SAME TIME WHILE WORKING ON A COMPUTER.

STORAGE:-

COMPUTER CAN STORE AND ACCESS VAST AMOUNTS OF DATA OR INFORMATION. THE STORAGE CAPACITY HAS INCREASED THESE DAYS COMPARED TO EARLIER DAYS.

AUTOMATION:-

THE COMPUTER CAN ALSO BE USED TO AUTOMATEREGULAR TASKS SUCH AS LAUNCHING SPECIFIC APPILICATIONS OR SOFTWARE, SENDING EMAILS, SCANNING VIRUSES AND MANY OTHER MAINTENANCE TASKS.

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

HEALTH ISSUES

TOO MUCH SITTING. TOO MUCH OF ANYTHING IS BAD, AND TOO MUCH SITTING FOR A LONG TIME AND BECOMING A MOUSE POTATO CAN LEAD TO HEALTH PROBLEMS.

PRIVACY LOSS

POTENTIAL OF LOSS OF PRIVACY. WITH COMPUTER STORING SO MUCH PERSONAL INFORMATION, IT'S AT RISK OF GETTING INTO THE HANDS OF OTHERS.

CAUSE DISEASE

A COMPUTERREQUIRES A LOT OF REPETITIVE MOVEMENT THAT OFTEN LEADS TO CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME.

WASTAGE OF TIME

ALTHOUGH A COMPUTER INCREASE YOUR PRODUCTIVITY, IT ALSO CAN WASTE A LOT OF YOUR TIME.

REDUCES JOBS

CAN REDUCED JOBS. AS COMPUTER SMARTER AND MORE CAPABLE, THEY ALSO REPLACED THE NEED OF JOBS.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER:-

WITHOUT THE COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER, COOMPUTER IS LIKE A BODY WITHOUT HEART. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER INCLUDES A LOT OF THINGS. ALTHOUGH, THE OUR TECHNOLOGY INCREASED SO MUCH THAT ALL THE COMPONENTS ARE COMES SIMUTANEOUSLY. HERE TEH LIST OF BASIC COMPONENTS F COMPUTER.

MONITOR:-

A COMPUTER MONITOR IS AN ELECTRONIC VISUAL DISPLAY FOR COMPUTER. IT USED TO DISPLAY THE OUTPUT OF THE COMPUTER"S CPU, HARD SYSTEM DRIVES, ETC. IT USUALLY CONNECTED TO THE PC VIA VGA, DVI, HDMI, DISPLAY PORT, OR USB.

MONITOR

CPU:-

A CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU), ALSO CALLED CENTRAL PROCESSOR, IS THE ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY THAT EXECUUTES INSTRUCTIONS COMPRISING A COMPUTER PROGRAM. THE CPU PERFORMS BASIC AIRTHMETIC, LOGIC, CONTROLLING, AND INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) OPERATIONS SPECIFIC BY THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THE PROGRAM.

CPU

KEYBOARD:-

A KEYBOARD CONTAINS MANY MECHANICAL SWITCHES OR PUSH-BUTTONS CALLED "KEYS". WHEN ONE OF THESE ARE PUSHED, AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IS CLOSED, AND THE KEYBOARD SENDS A SIGNALS TO THE COMPUTER.

KEYBOARD

MOUSE:-

A COMPUTER MOUSE IS A HAND-HELD POINTING DEVICE THAT DETECTS TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTION RELATIVE TO A SURFACE. THIS MOTION IS TYPICALLY TRANSLATED INTO THE MOTION OF A POINTER ON A DISPLAY, WHICH ALLOWS A SMOOTH CONTROL OF THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE OF A COMPUTER.